Limiting medical and health care expense recovery in a civil action to the amount actually paid or incurred, by or on behalf of the claimant, was one of the significant civil justice reforms passed in 2003. Prior to 2003, plaintiffs were allowed to recover the full billed amount, including the “phantom” charges that were never paid because the bills were reduced—a common practice in medical care.
Criminal Justice
Prosecute Traffickers, Not Victims
The central paradox of human trafficking is that victims, not traffickers, are most likely to face criminal charges. In fact, an individual is more likely to be struck by lightning than prosecuted for trafficking. Which begs the question, why? How Traffickers Turn Victims into Defendants To start, prosecutors and law enforcement act on the best available information...
September 1, 2026